International Arbitration 2025 Comparisons

Last Updated August 21, 2025

Turkey

Law and Practice

1. General

1.1 Prevalence of Arbitration

1.2 Key Industries

1.3 Arbitration Institutions

1.4 National Courts

2. Governing Legislation

2.1 Governing Law

2.2 Changes to National Law

3. The Arbitration Agreement

3.1 Enforceability

3.2 Arbitrability

3.3 National Courts’ Approach

3.4 Validity

4. The Arbitral Tribunal

4.1 Limits on Selection

4.2 Default Procedures

4.3 Court Intervention

4.4 Challenge and Removal of Arbitrators

4.5 Arbitrator Requirements

5. Jurisdiction

5.1 Challenges to Jurisdiction

5.2 Circumstances for Court Intervention

5.3 Timing of Challenge

5.4 Standard of Judicial Review for Jurisdiction/Admissibility

5.5 Breach of Arbitration Agreement

5.6 Jurisdiction Over Third Parties

6. Preliminary and Interim Relief

6.1 Types of Relief

6.2 Role of Courts

6.3 Security for Costs

7. Procedure

7.1 Governing Rules

7.2 Procedural Steps

7.3 Powers and Duties of Arbitrators

7.4 Legal Representatives

8. Evidence

8.1 Collection and Submission of Evidence

8.2 Rules of Evidence

8.3 Powers of Compulsion

9. Confidentiality

9.1 Extent of Confidentiality

10. The Award

10.1 Legal Requirements

10.2 Types of Remedies

10.3 Recovering Interest and Legal Costs

11. Review of an Award

11.1 Grounds for Appeal

11.2 Excluding/Expanding the Scope of Appeal

11.3 Standard of Judicial Review

12. Enforcement of an Award

12.1 New York Convention

12.2 Enforcement Procedure

12.3 Approach of the Courts

13. Miscellaneous

13.1 Class Action or Group Arbitration

13.2 Ethical Codes

13.3 Third-Party Funding

13.4 Consolidation

13.5 Binding of Third Parties

Law and Practice in Turkey

Author(s)

No Contributing Authors